Acne vulgaris is one of the most common inflammatory skin conditions worldwide, with notable psychosocial ramifications. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options, evolving clinical guidelines and healthcare policies may influence prescription practices over time. This study examines the latest trends in acne management using recent data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS).

, a wild edible mushroom from Western Ghats area of India, has been underexplored for its therapeutic properties. The present study uncovered selective inhibition of gram-positive human pathogens by the mushroom extracts and antibiofilm activity as the first report among genus. The chloroform extract displayed the most effective inhibition against , with both Minimum inhibitory concentration and Minimum bactericidal concentration registering at 6 mg/mL, and effective biofilm inhibition was recording at 4 mg/mL. Metabolic profiling of the chloroform fraction revealed an array of fatty acids, especially oleic acid and its derivatives like Oleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine and Azelaic acid, known to be selective for gram-positive pathogens. Sphingolipids like D-Sphingosine, Safingol, and threo-sphingosine profiled in the extract are effective gram-positive inhibitors. Metabolic profiling revealed the presence of medicinal and health-beneficial fatty acids/lipids in .

Gallbladder cancer is characterized by a dismal prognosis, with a limited number of biological markers currently identified for the carcinogenesis, progression and prognosis of gallbladder cancers (GBCs). The discovery of efficacious biomarkers is crucial for enhancing the prognosis of gallbladder cancer.

Acute myocarditis, characterized by inflammatory myocardial injury, significantly risks heart failure and sudden death. Despite its severity, specific biomarkers are lacking. This study applied metabolomic analysis to urine samples from 21 acute myocarditis patients and 21 controls using UPLC-MS/MS, revealing 728 increased and 820 decreased metabolites in patients. The affected pathways were predominantly related to the amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and others. We have validated 19 metabolites with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) greater than 0.7 and a high level of identification confidence. Potential biomarkers upregulated in acute myocarditis patients included phytosphingosine, N-acetylneuraminic acid, indolelactic acid, L-glutamic acid, 4-pyridoxic acid, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, palmitic acid, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, N-formylkynurenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine. Conversely, sebacic acid, 4-vinylphenol sulfate, capryloylglycine, 4-ethylphenylsulfate, and azelaic acid were found to be decreased. Collectively, the metabolomic profiling has uncovered distinct metabolic signatures in patients with acute myocarditis. The amino acid metabolism appears to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis, offering potential avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic development.

The intestinal microbiota plays a vital role in animal growth and development. In this study, we explored the impact of oat grain dietary supplementation on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fatty acids (FAs) in Hu sheep. Thirty-two Hu lambs were randomly assigned to a control group (RC) or an oat grain-supplemented group (RO). After 90 days on their respective diets, rumen digesta were collected from six randomly selected Hu lambs per group to assess microbial diversity, SCFAs, and FAs. The RO diet significantly enhanced growth in Hu sheep ( < 0.01) and increased α-diversity, as indicated by Chao1 and Shannon indices. Core phyla in both groups were and , with predominant genera including , , and . Oat grain supplementation led to significant shifts in microbial composition, increasing the abundance of , , , , and while decreasing and ( < 0.05). The RO group also exhibited lower levels of isobutyric and citraconic acids but higher levels of azelaic acid ( < 0.05). These results indicate that oat grain supplementation enhances beneficial rumen microbes and optimizes FAs and SCFAs composition, thereby promoting weight gain in Hu sheep.

Natural matrices have historically been a cornerstone in drug discovery, offering a rich source of structurally diverse and biologically active compounds. However, research on natural products often faces significant challenges due to the complexity of natural matrices, such as urine, and the limitations of bioactivity assessment assays. To ensure reliable insights, it is crucial to optimize experimental conditions to reveal the bioactive potential of samples, thereby improving the validity of statistical analyses. Approaches in metabolomics further strengthen this process by identifying and focusing on the most promising compounds within natural matrices, enhancing the precision of bioactive metabolite prioritization. In this study, we assessed the bioactivity of 17 dromedary urine samples on human renal cells under serum-reduced conditions (1%FBS) in order to minimize possible FBS-derived interfering factors. Using viability assays and Annexin V/PI staining, we found that the tumor renal cell lines Caki-1 and RCC-Shaw were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of the small molecules present in dromedary urine compared to non-tumor HK-2 cells. Employing NMR metabolomics analysis combined with detected in vitro activity, our statistical model highlights the presence of bioactive compounds in dromedary urine, such as azelaic acid and phenylacetyl glycine, underscoring its potential as a sustainable source of bioactive molecules within the framework of green chemistry and circular economy initiatives.

Metabolic profiling of the crude ethanolic extract of (Jacq.) Kunth. ex. Walp. stem ethanolic extract (GSS) was conducted using ultra-high performance quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) in negative mode, resulting in the identification of 23 compounds belonging to various classes such as flavonoids, fatty acids, triterpenoid saponins, and phenolic acids. Notably, eight flavonoids including kaempferol-3--robinoside-7--rhamnoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3--rutinoside, apigenin-7-glucoside, kaempeferol-7--rhamnoside, luteolin, apigenin, and liquiritigenin, along with two phenolic acids (4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 2-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid) and four triterpenoid saponins (soyasaponin I, soyasaponin II, soyasaponin III, and kaikasaponin III) were dereplicated. Additionally, nine fatty acid derivatives were identified, including azelaic acid and 2-isopropyl malic acid. Molecular networking analysis revealed the formation of clusters among compounds while others do not form clusters. Further analysis indicated that the GSS ethanolic extract exhibited a total phenolic content of 38.78 ± 1.609 µg of gallic acid equivalent/mg and a total flavonoid content of 5.62 ± 0.50 µg of rutin equivalent/mg. Biological evaluations showed that GSS ethanolic extract mitigated gastric tissue injury induced by pyloric ligation, with a notable reduction in oxidative stress marker reactive oxygen species levels and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Additionally, it enhanced superoxide dismutase and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B alpha levels, while lowering the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Histopathological examination revealed significant improvements in gastric tissue morphology in GSS-treated groups compared to the control group. Molecular docking studies indicated potential interactions between GSS ethanolic extract compounds and various target proteins involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and gastric protection in gastritis. This study aims to investigate the potential gastroprotective activity of GSS ethanolic extract against gastritis induced via pyloric ligation.

Studies have found demographic differences in prescribing patterns for certain inflammatory conditions, including acne.

Pharmaceutical care for patients with acne Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease affecting mostly adolescents, but it can persist into adulthood. The aim of treatment is to improve the patient's dermatological condition and improve the overall quality of life. Pharmacists play a very important role in the care of acne patients and this article reviews opportunities for pharmaceutical care of such patients. Pharmacists can identify patients with different forms of acne, engage in acne prevention including lifestyle modifications, and contribute to optimizing the choice and use of appropriate pharmacotherapy accompanied by non-pharmacological approaches according to the specific patient characteristics. The mainstay of acne treatment is topical pharmacotherapy, where over-the-counter products containing benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid may be recommended for mild to moderate forms of acne. Retinoids or their combination with antibiotics are prescribed for moderate and severe forms of acne. When topical treatment is ineffective or resistant, systemic treatment including for example oral antibiotics or isotretinoin is considered. Pharmacists thus engage themselves in maximizing the effect and minimizing the risks of these drugs and, last but not least, educating patients on how to properly care for their skin using so called dermocosmetics, which is defined in this article.

Advancements in bone tissue engineering critically depend on the development of specialized scaffolds that promote effective bone regeneration. This study introduces innovative scaffolds composed of poly (glycerol azelaic acid) (PGAz) and poly (caprolactone) (PCL), enhanced with varying concentrations of phosphate modified cellulose (PMC) nanofibers. Utilizing citric acid as a green cross-linker enhances the eco-friendliness and biocompatibility of these scaffolds. The molecular structures were verified using Hydrogen H NMR and Carbon CNMR spectroscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy confirmed successful integration of vital phosphate groups for biological functionality. Morphological and compositional analysis through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping revealed homogeneous phosphate distribution and increased porosity across the scaffolds. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated that higher PMC concentrations improve thermal stability, enhancing scaffold resilience. Mechanical testing showed that scaffolds with 5 % PMC provide an optimal balance of compressive strength, compressive modulus, and compressive strain, suitable for bone tissue engineering. Dynamic water contact angle studies highlighted significant hydrophilic enhancements, crucial for cell attachment and proliferation. Hydrolytic degradation tests indicated that increased PMC accelerates degradation rates, aligning with tissue regeneration timelines. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and MTT assays, along with FESEM imaging of L929 mouse fibroblast cells cultured on the scaffolds, confirmed biocompatibility and cellular proliferation, particularly with 5 % PMC. These findings underscore the potential of PGAz-co-PCL scaffolds in advancing bone tissue regeneration through superior mechanical, thermal, and biological properties.