, commonly known as sweet woodruff, is a perennial herbaceous plant that contains coumarin and is recognized for its medicinal properties. In this study, the influence of sunlight exposure on the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of extracts is assessed. The extracts from cultivated and wild-grown plants were analyzed via chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. In addition, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and effects on macrophage polarization were assessed. The results revealed that while coumarin levels remain stable regardless of environmental conditions, phenolic content and antioxidant activity increase significantly under sun-grown conditions, with chlorogenic acid and rutin identified as major contributing compounds. Additionally, the extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, effectively reducing the M1 macrophage population involved in inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that controlled sunlight exposure can enhance the bioactive profile of . This research highlights the critical role of environmental management in optimizing the medicinal properties of , providing a foundation for its future use in natural therapeutic applications.

The Italian Medieval doctor Thaddeus Florentinus (AD 1210-1295) claimed that herbs could cure or relieve various symptoms such as obstipation, melancholia and nervousness. Additionally, certain herbs were proposed to be able to predict the weather and induce the vision of elves. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether herbs could have medical properties as claimed.

Development of new and improved antifungal compounds that are target-specific is backed by a strong Federal, public and commercial mandate. Many plant-derived chemicals have proven fungicidal properties, including the coumarins (1,2-Benzopyrone) found in a variety of plants such as clover, sweet woodruff and grasses. Preliminary research has shown the coumarins to be a highly active group of molecules with a wide range of antimicrobial activity against both fungi and bacteria. It is believed that these cyclic compounds behave as natural pesticidal defence molecules for plants and they represent a starting point for the exploration of new derivative compounds possessing a range of improved antifungal activity. Within this study, derivatives of coumarin that were modified with halogenated side groups were screened for their antifungal activity against a range of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. Fungi included in this in vitro screen included Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot), Phytophthora spp. (damping off and seedling rot), Rhizoctonia spp. (damping off and root rot) and Pythium spp. (seedling blight), four phylogenetically diverse and economically important plant pathogens. Studies indicate that these halogenated coumarin derivatives work very effectively in vitro to inhibit fungal growth and some coumarin derivatives have higher antifungal activity and stability as compared to the original coumarin compound alone. The highly active coumarin derivatives are brominated, iodinated and chlorinated compounds and results suggest that besides being highly active, very small amounts can be used to achieve LD100 rates. In addition to the in vitro fungal inhibition assays, results of polymer seed coating compatibility and phytotoxicity testing using these compounds as seed treatments will also be reported. These results support additional research in this area of natural pesticide development.

Development of new and safer pesticides that are target-specific is backed by a strong Federal, public and commercial mandate. In order to generate a new generation of pesticides that are more ecologically friendly and safe, natural products are being evaluated for pesticidal activities. Many plant-derived chemicals have proven pesticidal properties, including compounds like sesamol (3,4-Methylenedioxyphenol), a lipid from sesame oil and coumarins (1,2-Benzopyrone) found in a variety of plants such as clover, sweet woodruff and grasses. Both of these plant-derived compounds have been shown to inhibit a range of fungi and bacteria and it is believed that these cyclic compounds behave as natural pesticidal defense molecules for plants. These compounds represent a starting point for the exploration of new derivative compounds possessing a range of antifungal activity and for use as seed protectants. Within this study, six derivatives of coumarin that resembled sesamol's structure were screened for their antifungal activity against a range of soil-bome plant pathogenic fungi. Fungi in this in vitro screen included Macrophomina phaseolina (causal agent of charcoal rot) and Pythium spp. (causal agent of seedling blight), two phylogenetically diverse and economically important plant pathogens. Preliminary studies indicate that many of these novel coumarin derivatives work very effectively in vitro to inhibit fungal growth and several coumarin derivatives have higher antifungal activity and stability as compared to either the original coumarin or sesamol compounds alone. Interestingly, several of these highly active coumarin derivatives are halogenated compounds with solubility in water, and they are relatively easy and inexpensive to synthesize. These halogenated coumarin derivatives remained active for extended periods of time displaying 100% inhibition of fungal growth for greater than 3 weeks in vitro. In addition to the in vitro fungal inhibition assays, preliminary phytotoxicity assays of these halogenated coumarin compounds show no obvious plant toxicity issues or interference in plant development. These results support additional research in this area of natural pesticide development.

Drugs, natural medicinal plant, animals and mineral materials, have a large and various application in official pharmacy and medicine. Carriers of multilateral pharmacological effects that those drugs shown, are chemically define as active components that are present in them. Methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis are used for the chemical investigation of components that drugs contain. Method of thin layer chromatography has been shown as very reliable. According to the chemical investigation of single drugs, it is possible to define a group of compound or single compound comparing them with standards. Relating to the usage of method of thin layer chromatography, it has been carried out investigation on presence of coumarins and flavonoids in domestic plant material that have wide everyday usage. Coumarins and flavonoids from the point of view of chemical belonging are phenol derivatives with important pharmacological effects. Applying method of thin layer chromatography, it is detected presence of coumarins and flavonoids substances in plant material that has been tested. Anethi graveolens fructus et folium (fruit and leaf of dill), Anethum graveolens L., Apiaceae, Avenae sativae fructus (fruit of oats), Avena sativa L., Poaceae and Asperulae odoratae herba (sweet woodruff), Asperula odorata L., Rubiaceae. Chromatograms are developed in systems cyclohexane-ethylacetat (13:7) and toluene-ether (1:1) saturated with 10% acetic acid, and visualisation by observing on UV lamp (254 and 366 nm), spraying with reagents KOH (10% ethanol solution) and diphenylboryloxyethylamine (1% methanol solution).