"," "", and are Red-Listed snail species of the family Ellobiidae that co-occur on salt marshes in mainland Japan. Here, we report the genetic diversity and population structures of the former two taxa in comparison with our previous data on for the evaluation of connectivity and conservation values of their local populations. Analyses of 655-bp or 652-bp sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene showed the highest genetic diversity and panmictic structure for sp. cf. throughout its geographic range in Japan, whereas they showed the highest level of genetic subdivision for sp. cf. . Our laboratory observation of egg masses and planktotrophic larvae of "" and reference to previous ontogenetic data for the species of suggested differences in their fecundity and pelagic larval duration, which apparently have led to the contrasting levels of population differentiation in the study species. Particular need of conservation efforts was identified for the isolated population of "" in the Ise-Mikawa Bay area to avoid local extinction and shrinking of the species' geographic range. In addition, we present molecular and morphological evidence that individuals of "" from mangrove swamps in the northern part of Okinawa Island represent an independent, surviving lineage of a different species.

Microplastics in sediment cores from urban tidal tributaries, Barking and Bow Creek-London and salt marshes Swanscombe, Kent, and Rainham, Essex, Thames estuary (UK), were quantified by density separation and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. All eight tributary cores were dominated by low-density microplastics, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene with the greatest abundance (mean 360.0 ± 12.0 particles 100 g dwt (0-10 cm depth) observed furthest from the confluence with the Thames due to storm tank combined-sewer-overflow input. Salt marsh core microplastics were highest at Swanscombe (mean 267.1 ± 10.2 particles 100 g dwt at 0-10 cm depth) in the high-marsh vegetation zone. Marsh sediment radionuclide dating (Pb, Cs) suggested a presence of microplastics in the sediment since at least the late 1950s, with increasing abundance towards surface sediments. Tidal tributaries and salt marshes of the Thames act as natural filters, with salt marshes accumulating microplastics over time and tributaries acting as both stores and sources depending on individual site conditions and hydrodynamic variability.

Combined impacts from anthropogenic pressures and climate change threaten coastal ecosystems and their capacity to protect communities from hazards. One approach towards improving coastal protection is to implement "nature-based solutions" (NBS), which are actions working with nature to benefit nature and humans. Despite recent increases in global implementation of NBS projects for coastal protection, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of NBS performance. To help fill this gap, we systematically mapped the global evidence base on the ecological, physical, economic, and social performance of NBS interventions related to coastal protection. We focused on active NBS interventions, such as restoring or creating habitat, adding structure, or modifying sediment in six shallow biogenic ecosystems: salt marsh, seagrass, kelp forest, mangrove, coral reef, and shellfish reef.

Coastal blue carbon has become an emerging natural climate solution (NCS) that offers significant potential for mitigating global climate change while providing various ecosystem services. However, blue carbon ecosystems, including mangroves, tidal salt marshes, and seagrass meadows, are susceptible to the impacts of climate change, which in turn affects their potential to mitigate climate change. In this study, we employed the MaxEnt to evaluate the potential suitable areas and carbon sink potential of China's Coastal blue carbon ecosystem under three climate scenarios for the present and projected conditio ns in 2050. Our results reveal that China's coastal blue carbon ecosystems have an estimated carbon sequestration potential of 8.65 ∗ 10 t/a. Specifically the potential annual carbon sequestration of mangroves is 1.457 ∗ 10 t/a, tidal salt marshes is 6.714 ∗ 10 t/a, and seagrass is 4.769 ∗ 10 t/a. By 2050, due to climate change, the annual carbon sequestration potential of China's coastal blue carbon is projected to decrease by 0.733-2.351 ∗ 10 t/a, representing an 8-27 % reduction from the current levels. Furthermore, the distribution of potential suitable areas for these blue carbon ecosystems is expected to shifted to different degrees, among which the potential suitable areas of mangrove will be transferred to the greatest extent, showing a trend of northward expansion. Future conservation and restoration efforts for blue carbon ecosystems ought to consider the impact of climate change and fully utilize the potential of blue carbon.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios run by an ensemble of models developed by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) projects an average sea level rise (SLRs) of 0.6 to 1.2 m for the low and high emission scenarios (SSP1-1.9, SSP5-8.5), during the next century (IPCC 2021). The coastal zone will experience an increase in the flooding of terrestrial habitats and the depth of marine productive areas, with potential negative consequences for these ecosystems. The coast in Denmark is highly modified due to anthropogenic uses. Dikes, dams, and other coastal infrastructure are widespread, causing a coastal squeeze that prevents natural coastal development and inland migration of coastlines. We performed a national-scale analysis on the impacts of mean sea level rise (MSLR) in 2070 and 2120, and a 1 in 10-year storm surge water level (10SS) in 2120 MSLR for the Danish coast. Our study shows extensive permanent flooding of coastal habitats (~14%), whereas only 1.6% of urban areas will be flooded. Finally, very large agricultural areas (~191,000 ha) will be frequently flooded by 10SS if no extra protective measures are planned. With the present coastal protection structures, key habitats will be affected by permanent flooding or coastal squeeze while even larger extents will be subjected to intermittent marine flooding. About 45% (199 km) of all Danish coastal wetlands will be permanently flooded by 2120, while areas occupied by forest, lakes and freshwater wetlands will be more frequently flooded by marine water. This study highlights the importance of including coastal habitats as dynamic elements in climate adaptation plans. Conservation and restoration of key habitats such as coastal wetlands should be prioritized in management plans. If Denmark does not change its current priorities, it may face the complete loss of coastal wetlands habitat in the 22nd century.

Two Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from coastal sediments and salt marshes in Weihai, China, and designated as SDUM158017 and SDUM158016, respectively. Both grew at temperatures ranging from 20 to 43°C and within a pH range of 6.0 to 9.0. However, strain SDUM158016 grew in the presence of 1.0-7.0% (w/v) NaCl, whereas strain SDUM158017 was able to grow in the presence of 1.0-10.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strains SDUM158016 and SDUM158017 contain major fatty acids of C 7 and C and contain Q10 as the sole quinone. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest relatives of strains SDUM158016 and SDUM158017 are '' MCCC 1F00103, followed by JCM 11220, with the highest similarities 97.1 and 97.3 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values between strain SDUM158016 and species of the genera and ranged from 76.0 to 78.9 %, while they ranged from 75.9 to 78.6% for strain SDUM158017. These values are below the species delineation threshold of 98.6%, suggesting that both strains represent novel species. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and genome sequences further indicates that species within the genus and these isolates represent two potentially novel species within the genus . Taken together, strains SDUM158017 and SDUM158016 represent two novel species of the genus , for which the names and are proposed with the type strains SDUM158016 (=KCTC 92632 =MCCC 1H01367) and SDUM158017 (=KCTC 92633 =MCCC 1H01363), respectively. Based on phylogenetic and genomic analyses, we also propose the reclassification of as comb. nov. and as comb. nov.

The pulmonate snail L. Pfeiffer, 1855 (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae) lives in extreme environments such as salt marshes with limited oxygen. Here, we characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of from South Korea. It is 14,962 bp in length and includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two genes, 21 tRNA genes lacking one , and two A + T rich regions. Among these 36 genes, 24 were encoded on the heavy strand and 12 on the light strand. A maximum likelihood tree constructed using nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs did not support the monophyly of Ellobiidae. This study could provide useful information for exploring phylogenetic relationships among ellobiids and their related species.

Fucoid forests are areas dominated by marine brown seaweed in the taxonomic order Fucales that, like the better-known marine foundation species-corals, kelps, seagrasses, salt marshes, and mangroves-are threatened by anthropogenic stressors. Fucoid forests are fabulous and important because they, like the better-known marine foundation species (i) span large areas, bioregions, and ecosystems, (ii) provide ecological functions such as high productivity, biodiversity, and habitat for iconic and endemic species, and (iii) support a variety of ecosystem services, like commercial fisheries, regulation of nutrients and carbon, and cultural values. Fucoid forests are, based on a new citation analysis, forgotten worldwide, because they are described orders of magnitude less than the better-known marine foundation species, in ecology and marine biology textbooks, in Google Scholar and Scopus databases over scientific literature, and in recent reports and reviews about seaweed forests. Fucoid forests would be less forgotten if more people acknowledge their biological importance and societal value more often and equate their importance to that of the better-known marine foundation species. To decrease the knowledge gap between fucoids and the better-known foundation species, researchers and science communicators could join forces under a broad "fucoid umbrella," establish stronger online presences, coordinate and collaborate on publications, and produce free eye-catching non-technical materials for teachers, managers, politicians, grass-root organizations, philanthropists, and funding agencies.

With the increasing intensification of human activities, significant changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have posed a severe threat to the carbon storage capacity of wetland ecosystems. A deep understanding of this impact is crucial for protecting regional ecosystems and promoting sustainable development. This study utilized the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the human activity intensity (HAI) index to conduct detailed grid analysis and global analysis of carbon storage through creating fishnet system and explored the complex relationship between carbon storage and HAI in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), China. The results indicated that over the past 30 years, natural wetlands such as meadow wetlands and salt marshes in the study area had undergone significant degradation due to escalating human activities, while artificial wetlands and non-wetland areas expanded. Concurrently, the total regional carbon storage had declined by 2.08 Tg, representing a significant drop of 8.22 % in the YRD from 1990 to 2020. Among them, dry land, as the primary land type, served as the most crucial carbon pool. Additionally, the human activity intensity of land surface (HAILS) increased significantly, with a growth rate of 37.27 %. HAI mapping revealed a continuous expansion of areas with high HAI. In contrast, the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve (YRDNNR) maintained relatively low HAI. Correlation analysis further showed the significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between carbon storage and HAI, with r values of grid analysis ranging from -0.1395 to -0.0334, while that for global analysis was -0.9643, respectively. This reflected the spatial heterogeneity and agglomeration effects of data analysis across different scales. This study provides valuable insights for achieving the "dual carbon" goals and supporting the conservation and management of wetland ecosystems.